A1 Grammar, Vocabulary and Everyday English
This lesson gathers everything a beginner needs to start communicating: the words for everyday life and the small set of grammar rules that hold them together. Learn these and you can introduce yourself, ask for what you need and describe the world around you.
Learning objectives
- Greet people and introduce yourself.
- Talk about family, jobs, food, time and daily routine.
- Build correct basic sentences.
- Use articles, plurals, pronouns, be, the present simple and there is / there are.
Greetings and introductions
| Situation | You say | Reply |
|---|---|---|
| Meeting someone | Hello. / Good morning. | Hello. Good morning. |
| Asking a name | What's your name? | My name's Arta. / I'm Arta. |
| First meeting | Nice to meet you. | Nice to meet you too. |
| Asking how someone is | How are you? | I'm fine, thanks. And you? |
| Origin | Where are you from? | I'm from Albania. |
| Job | What do you do? | I'm a teacher. |
| Leaving | Goodbye. / See you tomorrow. | Bye. See you. |
Family
mother, father, parents, sister, brother, son, daughter, grandmother, grandfather, aunt, uncle, cousin, wife, husband, children.
- I have two brothers and one sister.
- My father is a doctor.
- This is my grandmother.
Classroom language
| You need to say | English |
|---|---|
| You don't understand | Sorry, I don't understand. |
| Ask for repetition | Could you repeat that, please? |
| Ask for a translation | How do you say "libër" in English? |
| Ask about spelling | How do you spell it? |
| Ask for permission | Can I come in? May I ask a question? |
| Ask about meaning | What does "borrow" mean? |
Numbers, time, days and months
- Numbers: one, two, three ... twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, one hundred, one thousand.
- Time: It's seven o'clock. It's half past eight. It's a quarter to nine.
- Days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
- Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
- Prepositions: at seven o'clock, on Monday, in July, in the morning, at night.
In English, days and months always take a capital letter.
Food, drink and jobs
- Food: bread, milk, cheese, eggs, meat, fish, rice, fruit, vegetables, apple, tomato, soup, salad.
- Drink: water, coffee, tea, juice, wine.
- Meals: have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner.
- Jobs: teacher, doctor, nurse, engineer, waiter, driver, student, shop assistant.
Basic sentence order
English word order is fixed: Subject + Verb + Object, then place, then time.
| Subject | Verb | Object | Place | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | drink | coffee | at home | every morning. |
| She | teaches | English | at a school | on Mondays. |
Articles
| Article | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| a | one thing, before a consonant sound | a book, a teacher |
| an | one thing, before a vowel sound | an apple, an hour |
| the | something already known | the book on the table |
| no article | plurals and uncountables in general | I like books. Water is important. |
Jobs always take an article: She is a nurse.
Plurals
| Rule | Examples |
|---|---|
| add -s | book → books |
| -ch, -sh, -s, -x → add -es | watch → watches; box → boxes |
| consonant + y → -ies | city → cities |
| -f, -fe → -ves | knife → knives |
| irregular | man → men; woman → women; child → children; foot → feet |
Pronouns
| Subject | Object | Possessive adjective |
|---|---|---|
| I | me | my |
| you | you | your |
| he | him | his |
| she | her | her |
| it | it | its |
| we | us | our |
| they | them | their |
Be and the present simple
| be | present simple | |
|---|---|---|
| Positive | I am a student. | I work here. |
| Negative | She isn't here. | She doesn't work here. |
| Question | Are you ready? | Do you work here? |
There is and there are
- There is a book on the table. — singular
- There are two chairs. — plural
- Is there a bank near here? — question
- There isn't any milk. — negative
Common mistakes
| Mistake | Correct |
|---|---|
| I have 20 years. | I am 20 years old. |
| She is teacher. | She is a teacher. |
| He work in a bank. | He works in a bank. |
| I go to the school every day. | I go to school every day. |
| on monday | on Monday |
| There is two chairs. | There are two chairs. |
| I am agree. | I agree. |
Learning tips
- Learn whole phrases, not single words: Nice to meet you is more useful than nice.
- Say your daily routine aloud every morning for a week.
- Label objects around your home with their English names.
Summary checklist
- Subject + verb + object, then place, then time.
- Be for age and description; have for possession.
- -s on third-person verbs.
- Capital letters on days and months.
- There is for one, there are for more.
Shpjegim në gjuhën shqipe
Rregulli i anglishtes, i shpjeguar në shqip
Në nivelin fillestar anglishtja mbështetet mbi pak rregulla që përsëriten kudo. I pari është rendi i fjalëve: kryefjalë, folje, kundrinor, pastaj vendi dhe në fund koha. Ky rend është shumë më i ngurtë se në shqip.
I dyti janë nyjat: a para bashkëtingëlloreje, an para zanoreje, the për diçka të njohur. Profesionet marrin gjithmonë nyjë: She is a nurse.
I treti është shumësi me -s, me disa rregulla drejtshkrimore dhe një grup formash të parregullta si man → men dhe child → children.
I katërti janë përemrat, që kanë forma të veçanta për kryefjalën, kundrinorin dhe përkatësinë: I / me / my.
Së fundi, foljet be dhe koha e tashme e thjeshtë, plus ndërtimi there is / there are, mbulojnë pjesën më të madhe të komunikimit të përditshëm.
Ekuivalenti në gjuhën shqipe
| Anglisht | Shqip | Vërejtje |
|---|---|---|
| What's your name? | Si e ke emrin? | anglishtja përdor be, shqipja kam |
| I am from Albania. | Jam nga Shqipëria. | përputhje e plotë |
| She is a teacher. | Ajo është mësuese. | shqipja nuk ka nyjë |
| I have two brothers. | Kam dy vëllezër. | përputhje e plotë |
| There is a book here. | Këtu ka një libër. | folje krejt tjetër |
| I am twenty. | Jam njëzet vjeç. | të dyja me jam |
| I am hungry. | Kam uri. / Jam i uritur. | shqipja pranon të dyja |
| on Monday | të hënën | anglishtja shkruan me shkronjë të madhe |
Ku ndryshojnë dy gjuhët
- Kryefjala. Anglishtja e kërkon gjithmonë; shqipja e heq. Jam student duhet të bëhet I am a student.
- Nyja. Shqipja e shpreh shquarsinë me mbaresë (libri); anglishtja me fjalë të veçantë (the book).
- Ditët dhe muajt. Në anglisht shkruhen me shkronjë të madhe; në shqip me të vogël.
- Mbiemri. Anglishtja e vendos para emrit dhe nuk e ndryshon kurrë: a big house. Shqipja e vendos pas emrit dhe e përshtat: një shtëpi e madhe.
Gabime të zakonshme të folësve të shqipes
| Gabimi | E saktë | Pse |
|---|---|---|
| I have 20 years. | I am 20 years old. | mosha me be |
| She is teacher. | She is a teacher. | profesioni kërkon nyjë |
| He work in a bank. | He works in a bank. | veta e tretë |
| on monday | on Monday | shkronjë e madhe |
| a house big | a big house | mbiemri para emrit |
| It has a book here. | There is a book here. | përkthim i ka |
